Today's Labor History

Click here to check out this week's Labor History Today podcast. On this week’s show: Robert Cherney on Victor Arnautoff, the Russian-born artist who reigned as San Francisco's leading mural painter during the New Deal era. And on this week’s “Cool things from the George Meany Labor Archives,” Alan, Chloe and Ben explore the AFL-CIO’s long push for national health insurance, with some fascinating documents from the Archives’ pamphlet collection. Interviews by Patrick Dixon and Allan Wierdak. 
 
March 29
Ohio makes it illegal for children under 18 and women to work more than 10 hours a day - 1852
 
Sam Walton, founder of the huge and bitterly anti-union Walmart empire, born in Kingfisher, Okla. He once said that his priority was to “Buy American,” but Walmart is now the largest U.S. importer of foreign-made goods—often produced under sweatshop conditions - 1918

“Battle of Wall Street,” (top photo) police charge members of the United Financial Employees’ Union, striking against the New York Stock Exchange and New York Curb Exchange (now known as the American Stock Exchange). Forty-three workers are arrested in what was to be the first and only strike in the history of either exchange - 1948

March 30
Chicago stockyard workers win 8-hour day - 1918
 
At the height of the Great Depression, 35,000 unemployed march in New York’s Union Square. Police beat many demonstrators, injuring 100 - 1930 

The federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act is enacted - 1970

Harry Bridges, Australian-born dock union leader, dies at age 88. He helped form and lead the Int’l Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) for 40 years. – 1990

Leaders of the Screen Actors Guild announce that the membership has voted to merge with the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, creating the 150,000-member SAG-AFTRA - 2012

March 31
President Martin Van Buren issues a broadly-applicable executive order granting the 10-hour day to all government employees engaged in manual labor - 1840

Cowboys earning $40 per month begin what is to become an unsuccessful two-and-a-half-month strike for higher wages at five ranches in the Texas Panhandle - 1883
 
Cesar Chavez born in Yuma, Ariz.- 1927 (photo, 3rd from top)

Construction begins on the three-mile Hawk’s Nest Tunnel through Gauley Mountain, W. Va., as part of a hydroelectric project. A congressional hearing years later was to report that 476 laborers in the mostly Black, migrant workforce of 3,000 were exposed to silica rock dust in the course of their 10-hour-a-day, six-days-a-week shifts and died of silicosis. Some researchers say that more than 1,000 died - 1930

President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs legislation establishing the Civilian Conservation Corps to help alleviate suffering during the Depression. By the time the program ended after the start of World War II it had provided jobs for more than six million men and boys. The average enrollee gained 11 pounds in his first three months - 1933

Wisconsin state troopers fail to get scabs across the picket line to break a 76-day Allis-Chalmers strike in Milwaukee led by UAW Local 248. The plant remained closed until the government negotiated a compromise - 1941
 
Federal judge Sonia Sotomayor (bottom photo), later to become a Supreme Court justice, issues an injunction against baseball team owners to end a 232-day work stoppage - 1995
  
Labor history courtesy Union Communication Services.